📚 Climate of India
80 Mark Question Paper | Class 9 Geography
Total Marks
80
Questions
28
Time
3 Hours
Pass Mark
32
📊 Examination Overview
| Section | Type | Questions | Marks Each | Total Marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | MCQ | 10 | 1 | 10 |
| B | Short Answer | 10 | 2 | 20 |
| C | Long Answer | 6 | 5 | 30 |
| D | Analysis/Map | 2 | 5 | 10 |
| TOTAL | 80 Marks | 28 Questions | |||
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions
1 Mark Each | Total: 10 Marks | Choose the correct option
Question 1
1 Mark
Which place receives the highest rainfall in the world?
Correct: (b) Mawsynram
Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives 400+ cm rainfall annually—the world's highest.
Orographic rainfall from SW monsoon hitting Khasi Hills causes this extreme precipitation.
Question 2
1 Mark
Hot, dry winds in northern plains during summer are called:
Correct: (b) Loo
The 'loo' is a strong, gusty, hot, dry wind during May in northern India.
Caused by high temperature and low pressure. Direct exposure can be dangerous and cause dehydration.
Question 3
1 Mark
Monsoon arrives in India in:
Correct: (b) Early June
Southwest monsoon arrives in early June bringing abundant rainfall.
Low-pressure over NW India causes wind reversal. Monsoon covers whole country in ~1 month and brings 90% of annual rainfall.
Question 4
1 Mark
Winter season is characterized by:
Correct: (b) Warm days and cold nights
Winter (Nov-Feb) has warm daytime but very cold nights in northern plains.
Frost is common; higher Himalayan slopes experience snowfall. Clear skies and low humidity characterize this season.
Question 5
1 Mark
Tropic of Cancer passes through:
Correct: (b) Middle of India
Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) passes through the middle from Rann of Kuchchh to Mizoram.
Divides India into tropical (south) and subtropical (north) zones, giving India both climatic characteristics.
Question 6
1 Mark
Which is NOT a climate control?
Correct: (c) Population
Population is NOT a climate control. Climate depends on natural factors only.
The 6 climate controls are: latitude, altitude, pressure/wind, distance from sea, ocean currents, and relief features.
Question 7
1 Mark
Coldest month in northern India:
Correct: (c) January
January is the coldest month when sun is farthest south.
December and January are coldest. Northern plains reach 10-15°C. Sun at southernmost point in January.
Question 8
1 Mark
Himalayas prevent _______ winds from entering India:
Correct: (b) Cold Central Asian
Himalayas block extreme cold winds from Central Asia.
6,000m high mountains keep northern India milder than other regions at same latitude. Without them, winters would be much colder.
Question 9
1 Mark
Coromandel coast gets maximum rain in:
Correct: (d) Retreating monsoon
Coromandel coast receives maximum rainfall during Oct-Nov (retreating monsoon).
Tropical cyclones form over Andaman Sea and cross eastern coast. Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri deltas frequently affected.
Question 10
1 Mark
Winter rains for rabi crops are called:
Correct: (a) Mahawat
Mahawat are winter rains crucial for rabi crops like wheat, gram, barley.
Though small in amount, these Nov-Feb rains are immensely important for winter crop cultivation in northern India.
Section B: Short Answer Questions
2 Marks Each | Total: 20 Marks | Write 2-3 sentences with examples
Question 11
2 Marks
Differentiate between weather and climate.
Expected Answer
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at any point in time and changes frequently (hourly/daily). Climate is the average weather conditions over 30+ years and remains stable. Both have the same elements: temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, and precipitation.
Key Points:
- Weather = Short-term, changeable
- Climate = Long-term, stable
- Same elements but different time scales
Question 12
2 Marks
Why does India have a monsoon-type climate?
Expected Answer
India has a monsoon climate due to seasonal wind reversal. Winter brings dry northeastern winds, while summer brings wet southwestern winds from Indian Ocean with abundant moisture.
Key Points:
- Seasonal wind reversal
- Winter: dry northeast winds
- Summer: wet southwest winds
Question 13
2 Marks
Explain the term 'continentality'. How does it affect the climate of a place?
Expected Answer
Continentality refers to the condition where a place far from the sea experiences extreme temperatures—very hot summers and very cold winters. The sea has a moderating influence due to water's high heat capacity. As distance from the sea increases, this moderating effect decreases, resulting in extreme weather conditions and greater seasonal variation.
Key Points:
- Extreme temperatures far from sea
- Sea moderates temperature
- No moderation = Extreme weather
Question 14
2 Marks
What are 'breaks' in monsoon? Why are they important?
Expected Answer
'Breaks' in monsoon refer to the alternating wet and dry spells during the rainy season. The monsoon doesn't rain continuously; instead, there are periods of heavy rainfall followed by dry periods. These breaks are important because they affect crop growth timing, can cause droughts or floods depending on duration, and make monsoon unpredictable for farmers.
Key Points:
- Not continuous rainfall
- Alternating wet & dry spells
- Unpredictable farming impact
Question 15
2 Marks
Describe the characteristics of the winter season in India.
Expected Answer
Winter in India (mid-November to February) has clear skies and low humidity. Days are warm while nights are cold. Temperatures decrease from south to north (Chennai 24-25°C, Northern Plains 10-15°C). Frost is common in the north, and higher Himalayan slopes experience snowfall. Small amount of winter rain called 'mahawat' helps grow rabi crops like wheat.
Key Points:
- Clear, dry, cool season
- Temperature gradient S to N
- Important mahawat rainfall
Question 16
2 Marks
What is the 'loo'? Where does it blow and what are its effects?
Expected Answer
The 'loo' is a strong, gusty, hot, dry wind that blows during summer (May) in northern and northwestern India, sometimes continuing into late evening. It causes rapid dehydration and can be fatal with direct exposure. It may bring temporary relief through dust storms and light rain accompanied by violent winds.
Key Points:
- Hot, dry summer wind
- Northern India
- Dangerous effects
Question 17
2 Marks
List any two climate controls that affect India's climate.
Expected Answer
Any two of the following with explanation:
1. Latitude: Tropic of Cancer divides India into tropical (south) and subtropical (north) zones
2. Altitude: Himalayas are 6,000m high and much cooler; coastal areas are flat
3. Distance from Sea: Interior areas have extreme temperatures; coastal areas are moderate
4. Relief Features: Mountains block winds and force precipitation
1. Latitude: Tropic of Cancer divides India into tropical (south) and subtropical (north) zones
2. Altitude: Himalayas are 6,000m high and much cooler; coastal areas are flat
3. Distance from Sea: Interior areas have extreme temperatures; coastal areas are moderate
4. Relief Features: Mountains block winds and force precipitation
Key Points:
- Any two with explanation
- Must relate to India's climate
Question 18
2 Marks
Why does the Himalayan mountain range play an important role in India's climate?
Expected Answer
The Himalayas block cold winds from Central Asia, preventing extreme winter cold. This enables northern India to have uniformly higher temperatures compared to other areas at the same latitude. They also force monsoon winds to rise, causing heavy rainfall on windward slopes while creating rain shadow on leeward sides.
Key Points:
- Blocks cold winds
- Moderate winters
- Forces rainfall
- Creates rain shadow
Question 19
2 Marks
What is 'mahawat'? Which crops benefit from it?
Expected Answer
'Mahawat' is the local name for winter rains that fall during the cold weather season (November-February), particularly in northern India. Although the total amount is small, these rains are immensely important for agriculture. Rabi crops (winter crops) like wheat, barley, gram, and mustard depend primarily on mahawat.
Key Points:
- Winter rainfall in north
- Small amount but crucial
- Grows rabi crops (wheat, gram)
Question 20
2 Marks
Compare the rainfall pattern of western coast and Rajasthan.
Expected Answer
Western Coast: Receives over 400 cm rainfall annually (among the wettest); receives rain during advancing monsoon (June-September); windward slopes get very heavy rainfall.
Rajasthan: Receives less than 60 cm rainfall annually (one of driest regions); receives scanty rainfall during monsoon; lies in rain shadow area of Western Ghats.
Reason: Western coast faces monsoon winds directly; Rajasthan is far from monsoon influence and in rain shadow.
Rajasthan: Receives less than 60 cm rainfall annually (one of driest regions); receives scanty rainfall during monsoon; lies in rain shadow area of Western Ghats.
Reason: Western coast faces monsoon winds directly; Rajasthan is far from monsoon influence and in rain shadow.
Section C: Long Answer Questions
5 Marks Each | Total: 30 Marks | Write 150-200 words
Question 21
5 Marks
Explain the six major controls of climate. How do they work together to determine the climate of a place?
Expected Answer (150-200 words)
The six major climate controls are:
1. LATITUDE: Distance from Equator. Places closer receive more direct solar energy (hot), poles receive slanted rays (cold).
2. ALTITUDE: Height above sea level. Increases in altitude = decreases in temperature (~6.5°C per 1000m). Himalayas (6,000m) much cooler than plains.
3. PRESSURE & WIND SYSTEMS: Determine wind direction and rainfall patterns. Control pressure belts and wind systems.
4. DISTANCE FROM SEA: Sea moderates temperature due to high heat capacity. Interior areas far from sea experience extreme temperatures. Coastal areas remain moderate year-round.
5. OCEAN CURRENTS: Warm currents heat coastal areas; cold currents cool them.
6. RELIEF FEATURES: Mountains block winds, force precipitation on windward slopes. Leeward side remains dry (rain shadow).
How they work together: These controls interact to create climate. India's example: Its latitude creates tropical-subtropical climate. Himalayas (altitude + relief) block cold winds and force monsoon rains. Sea moderates coastal areas. Together = unique monsoon climate with regional variations.
1. LATITUDE: Distance from Equator. Places closer receive more direct solar energy (hot), poles receive slanted rays (cold).
2. ALTITUDE: Height above sea level. Increases in altitude = decreases in temperature (~6.5°C per 1000m). Himalayas (6,000m) much cooler than plains.
3. PRESSURE & WIND SYSTEMS: Determine wind direction and rainfall patterns. Control pressure belts and wind systems.
4. DISTANCE FROM SEA: Sea moderates temperature due to high heat capacity. Interior areas far from sea experience extreme temperatures. Coastal areas remain moderate year-round.
5. OCEAN CURRENTS: Warm currents heat coastal areas; cold currents cool them.
6. RELIEF FEATURES: Mountains block winds, force precipitation on windward slopes. Leeward side remains dry (rain shadow).
How they work together: These controls interact to create climate. India's example: Its latitude creates tropical-subtropical climate. Himalayas (altitude + relief) block cold winds and force monsoon rains. Sea moderates coastal areas. Together = unique monsoon climate with regional variations.
Question 22
5 Marks
Describe how the southwest monsoon winds bring rainfall to India. Explain the mechanism of monsoon arrival.
Expected Answer (150-200 words)
MECHANISM OF SOUTHWEST MONSOON:
Step-by-step (By early June):
1. LOW-PRESSURE: Forms over interior Asia and NW India due to intense heating
2. HIGH-PRESSURE OVER OCEAN: Exists over cool southern Indian Ocean
3. PRESSURE GRADIENT: Creates air movement from high to low pressure
4. WIND DEFLECTION: Earth's rotation deflects winds right (northern hemisphere) = southwesterly direction
5. MOISTURE: Winds blow over warm Indian Ocean, gather abundant moisture
6. RAINFALL: Moisture-laden winds hit landmass bringing widespread rainfall
Rainfall Distribution:
• Western Ghats windward: 250+ cm
• Northeast: Highest rainfall
• Ganga Valley: Moderate
• Rajasthan: Scanty (rain shadow)
Brings 90% of annual rainfall in 4 months. Unpredictable "breaks" cause wet-dry spells. Crucial for agriculture and water cycle.
Step-by-step (By early June):
1. LOW-PRESSURE: Forms over interior Asia and NW India due to intense heating
2. HIGH-PRESSURE OVER OCEAN: Exists over cool southern Indian Ocean
3. PRESSURE GRADIENT: Creates air movement from high to low pressure
4. WIND DEFLECTION: Earth's rotation deflects winds right (northern hemisphere) = southwesterly direction
5. MOISTURE: Winds blow over warm Indian Ocean, gather abundant moisture
6. RAINFALL: Moisture-laden winds hit landmass bringing widespread rainfall
Rainfall Distribution:
• Western Ghats windward: 250+ cm
• Northeast: Highest rainfall
• Ganga Valley: Moderate
• Rajasthan: Scanty (rain shadow)
Brings 90% of annual rainfall in 4 months. Unpredictable "breaks" cause wet-dry spells. Crucial for agriculture and water cycle.
Question 23
5 Marks
Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond for India? Give examples to support your answer.
Expected Answer (150-200 words)
Despite India's vast diversity, monsoon affects entire country uniformly.
1. AGRICULTURAL CALENDAR: Every farmer from north to south plans agricultural year around monsoon. Sowing June-July, harvesting after. From Punjab to Tamil Nadu—all follow monsoon pattern.
2. WATER RESOURCES: Monsoon fills rivers (Godavari, Krishna, Ganges) and reservoirs providing water for 1.4 billion people. Without monsoon, entire water cycle fails.
3. ANIMAL & PLANT LIFE: Animals dormant before monsoon; plants bloom when rains come. Entire ecosystems revolve around monsoon.
4. FESTIVALS: Most Indian festivals tied to seasonal cycles controlled by monsoon. Pongal (TN), Onam (Kerala), harvest festivals—all celebrate monsoon-dependent crops.
5. CULTURAL LIFE: Monsoon influences what people wear, eat, and do. Creates shared seasonal experiences across diverse regions.
REMARKABLE: From Kashmir to Kanyakumari—people eagerly await same monsoon that brings hope and prosperity to entire nation. It's the lifeline binding diverse India into one.
1. AGRICULTURAL CALENDAR: Every farmer from north to south plans agricultural year around monsoon. Sowing June-July, harvesting after. From Punjab to Tamil Nadu—all follow monsoon pattern.
2. WATER RESOURCES: Monsoon fills rivers (Godavari, Krishna, Ganges) and reservoirs providing water for 1.4 billion people. Without monsoon, entire water cycle fails.
3. ANIMAL & PLANT LIFE: Animals dormant before monsoon; plants bloom when rains come. Entire ecosystems revolve around monsoon.
4. FESTIVALS: Most Indian festivals tied to seasonal cycles controlled by monsoon. Pongal (TN), Onam (Kerala), harvest festivals—all celebrate monsoon-dependent crops.
5. CULTURAL LIFE: Monsoon influences what people wear, eat, and do. Creates shared seasonal experiences across diverse regions.
REMARKABLE: From Kashmir to Kanyakumari—people eagerly await same monsoon that brings hope and prosperity to entire nation. It's the lifeline binding diverse India into one.
Question 24
5 Marks
Discuss the regional variations in temperature and rainfall across India. Give specific examples of different regions.
Expected Answer (150-200 words)
TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS:
Extreme Highs: Rajasthan 50°C (hottest), Gujarat 42-45°C
Extreme Lows: Drass -45°C (coldest), Leh below freezing, Kashmir snowfall
Moderate: Thiruvananthapuram 22-27°C year-round, coastal areas moderate
Diurnal: Thar Desert 50°C day → 15°C night (35° difference!)
RAINFALL VARIATIONS:
Wettest: Mawsynram 400+ cm (world's highest), Western Ghats 250+ cm, Northeast 200+ cm
Driest: Rajasthan <60 cm, Ladakh <10 cm
Seasonal: North 90% in monsoon; Tamil Nadu maximum in retreating monsoon
REASONS:
• Latitude: Tropical south, subtropical north
• Altitude: Himalayas cold, plains warm
• Distance from Sea: Interior hot, coastal moderate
• Wind Patterns: Monsoon brings rain to windward slopes
• Relief: Mountains create rain shadow
India's climate incredibly diverse—from wettest (Mawsynram) to driest (Ladakh), coldest (Drass) to hottest (Rajasthan)—yet monsoon provides underlying unity.
Extreme Highs: Rajasthan 50°C (hottest), Gujarat 42-45°C
Extreme Lows: Drass -45°C (coldest), Leh below freezing, Kashmir snowfall
Moderate: Thiruvananthapuram 22-27°C year-round, coastal areas moderate
Diurnal: Thar Desert 50°C day → 15°C night (35° difference!)
RAINFALL VARIATIONS:
Wettest: Mawsynram 400+ cm (world's highest), Western Ghats 250+ cm, Northeast 200+ cm
Driest: Rajasthan <60 cm, Ladakh <10 cm
Seasonal: North 90% in monsoon; Tamil Nadu maximum in retreating monsoon
REASONS:
• Latitude: Tropical south, subtropical north
• Altitude: Himalayas cold, plains warm
• Distance from Sea: Interior hot, coastal moderate
• Wind Patterns: Monsoon brings rain to windward slopes
• Relief: Mountains create rain shadow
India's climate incredibly diverse—from wettest (Mawsynram) to driest (Ladakh), coldest (Drass) to hottest (Rajasthan)—yet monsoon provides underlying unity.
Question 25
5 Marks
Compare and contrast the advancing monsoon and retreating monsoon seasons in India.
Expected Answer (150-200 words)
ADVANCING MONSOON (June-September):
Duration: 4 months | Wind: Southwest, consistent | Rainfall: Heavy, 90% annual
Characteristics: Strong winds (30 km/hr), high humidity, overcast, cool temps, covers country in ~1 month
Distribution: Western Ghats 250+ cm, Northeast highest, Central moderate, Rajasthan scanty
Features: "Breaks" (wet-dry spells), unpredictable, can cause floods
RETREATING MONSOON (October-November):
Duration: 2 months | Wind: Weakening southwest | Rainfall: Cyclonic, mainly east coast
Characteristics: Weakening winds, still humid but drying, transition season, warming, clear skies gradually return
Distribution: Coromandel coast maximum, eastern deltas heavy, rest becomes dry
Features: Tropical cyclones and depressions, destructive, causes floods in deltas
SIMILARITIES: Both monsoon system parts | Bring significant rainfall | Can cause natural disasters | Affect agriculture
DIFFERENCES: Duration different | Rainfall distribution: advancing widespread, retreating coastal | Weather: advancing cool/wet, retreating warm/drying | Advancing main rain phase, retreating transition phase
Duration: 4 months | Wind: Southwest, consistent | Rainfall: Heavy, 90% annual
Characteristics: Strong winds (30 km/hr), high humidity, overcast, cool temps, covers country in ~1 month
Distribution: Western Ghats 250+ cm, Northeast highest, Central moderate, Rajasthan scanty
Features: "Breaks" (wet-dry spells), unpredictable, can cause floods
RETREATING MONSOON (October-November):
Duration: 2 months | Wind: Weakening southwest | Rainfall: Cyclonic, mainly east coast
Characteristics: Weakening winds, still humid but drying, transition season, warming, clear skies gradually return
Distribution: Coromandel coast maximum, eastern deltas heavy, rest becomes dry
Features: Tropical cyclones and depressions, destructive, causes floods in deltas
SIMILARITIES: Both monsoon system parts | Bring significant rainfall | Can cause natural disasters | Affect agriculture
DIFFERENCES: Duration different | Rainfall distribution: advancing widespread, retreating coastal | Weather: advancing cool/wet, retreating warm/drying | Advancing main rain phase, retreating transition phase
Question 26
5 Marks
Explain why some areas in India are drought-prone while others experience floods. How does the monsoon contribute to this situation?
Expected Answer (150-200 words)
DROUGHT-PRONE AREAS:
Low Rainfall: Rajasthan <60 cm, Ladakh <10 cm, leeward slopes
Monsoon Failure: Prolonged dry spells cause zero rainfall
Variability: High rainfall variability in dry regions
Consequences: Crop failure, groundwater depletion, drinking water scarcity
FLOOD-PRONE AREAS:
High Rainfall: Western Ghats 250+ cm, Northeast 200+ cm
Monsoon Intensity: Strong continuous rainfall causes flooding
River Overflow: Heavy monsoon causes rivers to exceed capacity
Consequences: Damage to crops and life, property destruction
HOW MONSOON CONTRIBUTES:
1. SPATIAL UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION: Excess rain to coasts (floods), minimal to interior (droughts)
2. MONSOON TROUGH: Position shift causes floods in one area, droughts in another
3. "BREAKS" IN MONSOON: Dry spells = drought stress; heavy rain bursts = floods
4. VARIABILITY: Strong one year (floods), weak another (droughts)
5. RAINFALL TIMING: Late arrival = drought; early onset = extended floods
REMARKABLE PARADOX: India experiences both floods AND droughts simultaneously—floods in coastal/western regions while droughts in interior/eastern plateau areas during same period!
Low Rainfall: Rajasthan <60 cm, Ladakh <10 cm, leeward slopes
Monsoon Failure: Prolonged dry spells cause zero rainfall
Variability: High rainfall variability in dry regions
Consequences: Crop failure, groundwater depletion, drinking water scarcity
FLOOD-PRONE AREAS:
High Rainfall: Western Ghats 250+ cm, Northeast 200+ cm
Monsoon Intensity: Strong continuous rainfall causes flooding
River Overflow: Heavy monsoon causes rivers to exceed capacity
Consequences: Damage to crops and life, property destruction
HOW MONSOON CONTRIBUTES:
1. SPATIAL UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION: Excess rain to coasts (floods), minimal to interior (droughts)
2. MONSOON TROUGH: Position shift causes floods in one area, droughts in another
3. "BREAKS" IN MONSOON: Dry spells = drought stress; heavy rain bursts = floods
4. VARIABILITY: Strong one year (floods), weak another (droughts)
5. RAINFALL TIMING: Late arrival = drought; early onset = extended floods
REMARKABLE PARADOX: India experiences both floods AND droughts simultaneously—floods in coastal/western regions while droughts in interior/eastern plateau areas during same period!
Section D: Analysis & Map Questions
5 Marks Each | Total: 10 Marks
Question 27
5 Marks
Temperature Data Analysis: Rajasthan 50°C (summer), Pahalgam 20°C, Drass -45°C (winter), Thiruvananthapuram 22°C. Analyze vast differences and identify climate controls responsible.
Expected Answer (5 Marks)
DATA ANALYSIS:
Temperature Range: 50°C to -45°C = 95°C difference! (Rajasthan to Drass)
CLIMATE CONTROLS RESPONSIBLE:
1. LATITUDE DIFFERENCE:
Rajasthan 26-27°N receives more direct sun rays
Thiruvananthapuram 8°N (closer to equator) gets constant heat
→ Thiruvananthapuram warmer in winter
2. ALTITUDE VARIATION:
Pahalgam: High altitude (mountain valley) → Lower temperature
Drass: 3,500m altitude (ultra-high) → Coldest place
Thiruvananthapuram: Sea level → Moderate temperature
→ Temperature decreases ~6.5°C per 1000m
3. DISTANCE FROM SEA (CONTINENTALITY):
Rajasthan: Interior, far from sea → Extreme temperatures (50°C no moderation)
Thiruvananthapuram: Coastal → Sea moderates year-round (22-27°C)
Pahalgam: Kashmir Valley → Some sea influence
4. HIMALAYAN BARRIER:
Drass & Pahalgam: Behind Himalayas
Himalayas block cold winds but ultra-high altitude dominates
Drass extreme cold due to altitude
5. WIND PATTERNS:
Thiruvananthapuram: Tropical winds, warm ocean breezes
Rajasthan: Dry winds, no ocean moderation
CONCLUSION: India shows world's extreme temperature ranges within one country! All 5 climate controls work together to create this 95°C difference.
Temperature Range: 50°C to -45°C = 95°C difference! (Rajasthan to Drass)
CLIMATE CONTROLS RESPONSIBLE:
1. LATITUDE DIFFERENCE:
Rajasthan 26-27°N receives more direct sun rays
Thiruvananthapuram 8°N (closer to equator) gets constant heat
→ Thiruvananthapuram warmer in winter
2. ALTITUDE VARIATION:
Pahalgam: High altitude (mountain valley) → Lower temperature
Drass: 3,500m altitude (ultra-high) → Coldest place
Thiruvananthapuram: Sea level → Moderate temperature
→ Temperature decreases ~6.5°C per 1000m
3. DISTANCE FROM SEA (CONTINENTALITY):
Rajasthan: Interior, far from sea → Extreme temperatures (50°C no moderation)
Thiruvananthapuram: Coastal → Sea moderates year-round (22-27°C)
Pahalgam: Kashmir Valley → Some sea influence
4. HIMALAYAN BARRIER:
Drass & Pahalgam: Behind Himalayas
Himalayas block cold winds but ultra-high altitude dominates
Drass extreme cold due to altitude
5. WIND PATTERNS:
Thiruvananthapuram: Tropical winds, warm ocean breezes
Rajasthan: Dry winds, no ocean moderation
CONCLUSION: India shows world's extreme temperature ranges within one country! All 5 climate controls work together to create this 95°C difference.
Question 28
5 Marks
Map Question: On an outline map of India, mark: (a) Areas receiving 400+ cm rainfall (b) Areas receiving <20 cm rainfall (c) Direction of SW monsoon winds (d) Tropic of Cancer (e) Major mountain ranges affecting rainfall pattern
Expected Answer (5 Marks)
MAP MARKING GUIDE:
(a) AREAS RECEIVING RAINFALL ABOVE 400 CM (1 Mark):
✓ Shade in Green/Dark shade
✓ Location: Mawsynram region in Meghalaya (Khasi Hills)
✓ Also mark: Western Ghats windward slopes (Kerala, Karnataka)
✓ Mark Western coast and northeastern regions
(b) AREAS RECEIVING LESS THAN 20 CM RAINFALL (1 Mark):
✓ Shade in Yellow/Light shade (desert color)
✓ Location: Leh region in Ladakh (driest)
✓ Parts of western Rajasthan
(c) DIRECTION OF SOUTHWEST MONSOON WINDS (1 Mark):
✓ Draw arrows showing wind direction
✓ Direction: From southwest (Arabian Sea) towards northeast
✓ Arrows should cover entire peninsula
✓ Show convergence towards low-pressure zone
✓ Label: "Southwest Monsoon Winds (June-Sept)"
(d) THE TROPIC OF CANCER (1 Mark):
✓ Draw straight line from west to east
✓ Starting: Rann of Kuchchh (western coast)
✓ Ending: Mizoram (eastern)
✓ Passes through: Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, WB
✓ Divides: North = Subtropical, South = Tropical
(e) MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES (1 Mark):
✓ HIMALAYAS (North): Mark with lines/shading
✓ WESTERN GHATS: Along western coast (Gujarat to Kerala)
✓ EASTERN GHATS: Along eastern coast
ADDITIONAL: Mark Mawsynram (wettest), Leh (driest), cyclone paths on east coast
PRESENTATION: Use pencil first, distinct colors, label clearly, include legend, write neatly with correct spelling
(a) AREAS RECEIVING RAINFALL ABOVE 400 CM (1 Mark):
✓ Shade in Green/Dark shade
✓ Location: Mawsynram region in Meghalaya (Khasi Hills)
✓ Also mark: Western Ghats windward slopes (Kerala, Karnataka)
✓ Mark Western coast and northeastern regions
(b) AREAS RECEIVING LESS THAN 20 CM RAINFALL (1 Mark):
✓ Shade in Yellow/Light shade (desert color)
✓ Location: Leh region in Ladakh (driest)
✓ Parts of western Rajasthan
(c) DIRECTION OF SOUTHWEST MONSOON WINDS (1 Mark):
✓ Draw arrows showing wind direction
✓ Direction: From southwest (Arabian Sea) towards northeast
✓ Arrows should cover entire peninsula
✓ Show convergence towards low-pressure zone
✓ Label: "Southwest Monsoon Winds (June-Sept)"
(d) THE TROPIC OF CANCER (1 Mark):
✓ Draw straight line from west to east
✓ Starting: Rann of Kuchchh (western coast)
✓ Ending: Mizoram (eastern)
✓ Passes through: Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, WB
✓ Divides: North = Subtropical, South = Tropical
(e) MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES (1 Mark):
✓ HIMALAYAS (North): Mark with lines/shading
✓ WESTERN GHATS: Along western coast (Gujarat to Kerala)
✓ EASTERN GHATS: Along eastern coast
ADDITIONAL: Mark Mawsynram (wettest), Leh (driest), cyclone paths on east coast
PRESENTATION: Use pencil first, distinct colors, label clearly, include legend, write neatly with correct spelling
📋 Complete Answer Key & Explanation
All Answers with Detailed Breakdowns
✅ MCQ Answers Quick Reference (Section A)
| Q1 | b | Q2 | b | Q3 | b | |
| Q4 | b | Q5 | b | Q6 | c | |
| Q7 | c | Q8 | b | Q9 | d | |
| Q10 | a | |||||
📊 Final Marking Scheme
| Section | Questions | Marks Each | Total Marks | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A - MCQ | 10 | 1 | 10 | 12.5% |
| B - Short Answer | 10 | 2 | 20 | 25% |
| C - Long Answer | 6 | 5 | 30 | 37.5% |
| D - Analysis/Map | 2 | 5 | 10 | 12.5% |
| TOTAL | 28 Questions | 80 Marks | ||
💡 Tips for Better Marks
- MCQ (Section A): Read carefully, identify keywords, eliminate wrong options, check answer twice
- Short Answers (Section B): Write 2-3 sentences with one example or place name for each answer
- Long Answers (Section C): Write 150-200 words with proper structure (intro-body-conclusion) and multiple examples
- Maps (Section D): Use ruler for straight lines, use different colors for different zones, label all features clearly with place names
- Time Management: MCQ 20 min, Short Answer 40 min, Long Answer 90 min, Maps 30 min, Buffer 40 min
- Use Examples: Always include specific place names like Mawsynram, Rajasthan, Drass, Thiruvananthapuram
- Show Working: For analysis questions, show your reasoning step by step
- Practice Under Exam Conditions: Set a 3-hour timer and solve complete paper without looking at answers first
